ACE research briefing paper 006 : Anatomy of new business activity in Australia: Some early observations from the CAUSEE Project

The Comprehensive Australian Study of Entrepreneurial Emergence (CAUSEE) is the largest study of new firm formations ever undertaken in Australia . In a nutshell, CAUSEE aims to uncover the factors that initiate, hinder and facilitate the process of emergence and development of new, independent firms. Through contacts with a random sample of 30,000 Australian households the project has identified and interviewed close to 600 founders of on-going business start-ups – Nascent Firms; i.e., efforts that are under way but have not yet become operating businesses – as well as more than 500 owner-managers of Young Firms – that is, firms that started trading in 2004 or later. Founders of these firms have been taken through a comprehensive telephone interview about the state and development of their start-ups. The project will follow the development of these nascent and young firms over a four year period. This report represents a first release of selected, descriptive findings from the first wave of data analysis. Although some reported findings may have important implications it should be realised that what is presented here represents just a glimpse of the rich academic and practice-orientated output that is expected from the project

Early stage start-ups: Evidence from the Comprehensive Australian Study of Entrepreneurial Emergence (CAUSEE)

In this chapter, the picture of Australian small business is supplemented by using data from the Comprehensive Australian Study of Entrepreneurial Emergence (CAUSEE) . This data tracks large numbers of on-going business start-ups over time. The Australian Centre of Entrepreneurship Research at Queensland University of Technology collected data in four annual waves. (Wave 1 to Wave 4) from 2007 to 2011. CAUSEE allows the analysis of entrepreneurial entrants at two stages of development, i.e. nascent and young firms. Nascent firms are defined as firms in the process of being created, but not yet established in the market, and young firms are defined as having been operational for up to four years. An analysis of nascent firms provides unique insights, as no other known Australian database captures and follows the development of business start-ups at the pre-operational stage. In addition, the project captured judgment over samples of high-potential start-ups

The comprehensive Australian Study of entrepreneurial emergence (CAUSEE) high potential nascent entrepreneurs: some preliminary findings

Principal Topic The Comprehensive Australian Study of Entrepreneurial Emergence (CAUSEE) represents the first Australian study to employ and extend the longitudinal and large scale systematic research developed for the Panel Study of Entrepreneurial Dynamics (PSED) in the US (Gartner, Shaver, Carter and Reynolds, 2004; Reynolds, 2007). This research approach addresses several shortcomings of other data sets including under coverage; selection bias; memory decay and hindsight bias, and lack of time separation between the assessment of causes and their assumed effects (Johnson et al 2006; Davidsson 2006). However, a remaining problem is that any a random sample of start-ups will be dominated by low potential, imitative ventures. In recognition of this issue CAUSEE supplemented PSED-type random samples with theoretically representative samples of the 'high potential' emerging ventures employing a unique methodology using novel multiple screening criteria. We define new ''high-potential'' ventures as new entrepreneurial innovative ventures with high aspirations and potential for growth. This distinguishes them from those ''lifestyle'' imitative businesses that start small and remain intentionally small (Timmons, 1986). CAUSEE is providing the opportunity to explore, for the first time, if process and outcomes of high potentials differ from those of traditional lifestyle firms. This will allows us to compare process and outcome attributes of the random sample with the high potential over sample of new firms and young firms. The attributes in which we will examine potential differences will include source of funding, and internationalisation. This is interesting both in terms of helping to explain why different outcomes occur but also in terms of assistance to future policymaking, given that high growth potential firms are increasingly becoming the focus of government intervention in economic development policies around the world. The first wave of data of a four year longitudinal study has been collected using these samples, allowing us to also provide some initial analysis on which to continue further research. The aim of this paper therefore is to present some selected preliminary results from the first wave of the data collection, with comparisons of high potential with lifestyle firms. We expect to see owing to greater resource requirements and higher risk profiles, more use of venture capital and angel investment, and more internationalisation activity to assist in recouping investment and to overcome Australia's smaller economic markets Methodology/Key Propositions In order to develop the samples of 'high potential' in the NF and YF categories a set of qualification criteria were developed. Specifically, to qualify, firms as nascent or young high potentials, we used multiple, partly compensating screening criteria related to the human capital and aspirations of the founders as well as the novelty of the venture idea, and venture high technology. A variety of techniques were also employed to develop a multi level dataset of sources to develop leads and firm details. A dataset was generated from a variety of websites including major stakeholders including the Federal and State Governments, Australian Chamber of Commerce, University Commercialisation Offices, Patent and Trademark Attorneys, Government Awards and Industry Awards in Entrepreneurship and Innovation, Industry lead associations, Venture Capital Association, Innovation directories including Australian Technology Showcase, Business and Entrepreneurs Magazines including BRW and Anthill. In total, over 480 industry, association, government and award sources were generated in this process. Of these, 74 discrete sources generated high potentials that fufilled the criteria. 1116 firms were contacted as high potential cases. 331 cases agreed to participate in the screener, with 279 firms (134 nascents, and 140 young firms) successfully passing the high potential criteria. 222 Firms (108 Nascents and 113 Young firms) completed the full interview. For the general sample CAUSEE conducts screening phone interviews with a very large number of adult members of households randomly selected through random digit dialing using screening questions which determine whether respondents qualify as 'nascent entrepreneurs'. CAUSEE additionally targets 'young firms' those that commenced trading from 2004 or later. This process yielded 977 Nascent Firms (3.4%) and 1,011 Young Firms (3.6%). These were directed to the full length interview (40-60 minutes) either directly following the screener or later by appointment. The full length interviews were completed by 594 NF and 514 YF cases. These are the cases we will use in the comparative analysis in this report. Results and Implications The results for this paper are based on Wave one of the survey which has been completed and the data obtained. It is expected that the findings will assist in beginning to develop an understanding of high potential nascent and young firms in Australia, how they differ from the larger lifestyle entrepreneur group that makes up the vast majority of the new firms created each year, and the elements that may contribute to turning high potential growth status into high growth realities. The results have implications for Government in the design of better conditions for the creation of new business, firms who assist high potentials in developing better advice programs in line with a better understanding of their needs and requirements, individuals who may be considering becoming entrepreneurs in high potential arenas and existing entrepreneurs make better decisions

A Role-Based Approach for Orchestrating Emergent Configurations in the Internet of Things

The Internet of Things (IoT) is envisioned as a global network of connected things enabling ubiquitous machine-to-machine (M2M) communication. With estimations of billions of sensors and devices to be connected in the coming years, the IoT has been advocated as having a great potential to impact the way we live, but also how we work. However, the connectivity aspect in itself only accounts for the underlying M2M infrastructure. In order to properly support engineering IoT systems and applications, it is key to orchestrate heterogeneous 'things' in a seamless, adaptive and dynamic manner, such that the system can exhibit a goal-directed behaviour and take appropriate actions. Yet, this form of interaction between things needs to take a user-centric approach and by no means elude the users' requirements. To this end, contextualisation is an important feature of the system, allowing it to infer user activities and prompt the user with relevant information and interactions even in the absence of intentional commands. In this work we propose a role-based model for emergent configurations of connected systems as a means to model, manage, and reason about IoT systems including the user's interaction with them. We put a special focus on integrating the user perspective in order to guide the emergent configurations such that systems goals are aligned with the users' intentions. We discuss related scientific and technical challenges and provide several uses cases outlining the concept of emergent configurations.Comment: In Proceedings of the Second International Workshop on the Internet of Agents @AAMAS201

Demand side management in district heating systems

ABSTRACT This paper describes a multiagent system that has made the voyage from research project to commercialised product. The purpose for the multiagent system is to dynamically control a system so that the load of the system is below certain threshold values without reduction of quality of service and by that, to avoid the usage of top load production sources and to reduce energy consumption. The fundamental idea behind the system is that a large number of small local decisions taken all in all have great impact on the overall system performance. A field-test as well as a return of investment analysis are presented

LAYANAN DASAR BIMBINGAN SOSIAL UNTUK MENINGKATKAN KETERAMPILAN PENYESUAIAN SOSIAL PESERTA DIDIK

Setiap remaja memiliki keterampilan yang berbeda dalam berinteraksi dan merespon lingkungan yang ada di sekitarnya. Keterampilan remaja dalam menyesuaikan diri dengan lingkungan sosialnya biasa disebut dengan keterampilan penyesuaian sosial. Keterampilan penyesuaian sosial merupakan bagian dari penyesuaian diri oleh karena itu, pembahasan tentang penyesuaian sosial akan selalu berkaitan dengan penyesuaian diri. Keterampilan penyesuaian diri remaja dengan lingkungan di sekitarnya dipengaruhi oleh berbagai faktor. Layanan dasar bimbingan sosial, diharapkan dapat dijadikan salah satu alternatif bantuan untuk membantu remaja mencapai salah satu tugas perkembangannya, yakni perkembangan penyesuaian sosial. Tujuan penelitian untuk mengetahui gambaran umum keterampilan penyesuaian sosial peserta didik kelas XI di tingkat SMA. Penelitian menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif dengan metode deskriptif, partisipan yang digunakan adalah peserta didik kelas XI SMA PGII 1 Kota Bandung Tahun ajaran 2016/2017. Secara umum tingkat keterampilan penyesuaian sosial peserta didik kelas berada pada kategori sedang dengan skor rata-rata 5,5359. peserta didik menunjukan keterampilan penyesuaian sosial atas dasar alasan atau tujuan tertentu yang menjadi landasan untuk bersikap. Meliputi keterampilan menjalin persahabatan dengan teman-teman di sekolah dan staf lainnya, bersikap respect dan bersedia menerima peraturan sekolah, berpartisipasi dalam kelompok belajar, serta berpartisipasi dalam kegiatan-kegiatan sekolah. Hasil temuan berdasarkan kelompok jenis kelamin responden laki-laki, empat dari keseluruhan empat aspek penyesuaian sosial berada pada kategori sedang, sedangkan berdasarkan kelompok jenis kelamin populasi perempuan, menunjukan dua dari keseluruhan empat aspek penyesuaian sosial berada pada kategori sedang, dan dua aspek lainnya berada pada kategori tinggi. Secara keseluruhan setiap aspek keterampilan penyesuaian sosial, dijadikan landasan dalam penyusunan program hipotetik sebagai data awal pengukuran kebutuhan rancangan program.;---All teenagers have different abilities to interact and respond to the environment around them. Their ability to adapt to their social environment commonly called the social adjustment capability. The ability of social adjustment is part of the adjustment, therefore, the discussion about the social adjustment will always be associated with the adjustment. The ability of adolescent adjustment with the surrounding environment influenced by various factors. The basic service of social guidance, expected to be one of the alternative relief to help teens achieve one of the tasks of development, the development of social adjustment. The purpose of this study to determine the general picture of social adjustment abilities of students of class XI at the high school level. This study uses a quantitative approach with descriptive methods, populations used are students of class XI PGII 1 Bandung Senior High School, 2016-2017. In general, the ability of social adjustment of students of class XI PGII 1 Bandung Senior High School, classified in the category with an average score of 5.5359. Students show the ability of social adjustment on the basis of reason or purpose which is the basis for the act. Includes the ability to make friends with friends at school and other staff, respect and be willing to accept the rules of the school, participate in study groups, and participate in school activities. Results based group sex male participants, are four of all four aspects of social adjustment in middle category, while based on gender groups participants were female, shows two of the total four aspects of social adjustment in middle category, and two other aspects that are in high category. Overall every aspect of social adjustment capabilities, used as a basis in the preparation of the program as the initial data measurement program design needs

The Partisan Politics of New Social Risks in Advanced Postindustrial Democracies: Social Protection for Labor Market Outsiders

Advanced postindustrialization generates numerous challenges for the European social model. Central among these challenges is declining income, unstable employment, and inadequate training of semi- and unskilled workers. In this chapter, I assess the partisan basis of support for social policies that address the needs of these marginalized workers. I specifically consider the impacts of postindustrial cleavages among core constituencies of social democratic parties on the capacity of these parties to pursue inclusive social policies. I argue – and find support for in empirical analyses – that encompassing labor organization is the most important factor in strengthening the ability of left parties to build successful coalitions in support of outsider-friendly policies. I go beyond existing work on the topic by considering the full array of postindustrial cleavages facing left parties, by more fully elaborating why encompassing labor organization is crucial, and by considering a more complete set of measures of outsider policies than extant work. I compare my arguments and findings to important new work that stresses coalition building and partisan politics but minimizes the role of class organization

The Usefulness of Elemental Iron for Cereal Flour Fortification: a Sustain Task Force Report

Fortification of cereal flours may be a useful public health strategy to combat iron deficiency. Cereal flours that are used shortly after production (e.g., baking flour) can be fortified with soluble iron compounds, such as ferrous sulfate, whereas the majority of flours stored for longer periods is usually fortified with elemental iron powders to avoid unacceptable sensory changes. Elemental iron powders are less well absorbed than soluble iron compounds and they vary widely in their absorption depending on manufacturing method and physicochemical characteristics. Costs vary with powder type, but elemental iron powders are generally less expensive than ferrous sulfate. This review evaluates the usefulness of the different elemental iron powders based on results from in vitro studies, rat assays, human bioavailability studies, and efficacy studies monitoring iron status in human subjects. It concludes that, at the present time, only electrolytic iron powder can be recommended as an iron fortificant. Because it is only approximately half as well absorbed as ferrous sulfate, it should be added to provide double the amount of iro